What is pain?

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Dr. Ilir Agastra

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described as such. Several very important concepts are hidden in this definition: An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience. Unlike other sensations such as sight, hearing, smell, taste...  read full article

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

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Dr. Ervin Jonuzi

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament is the knee ligament that is damaged more often than other ligaments of this joint. In most cases, the ligament is damaged in people who participate in sports activities. Since in recent years sports activities have become an increasingly important part of lif...  read full article

Gastroesophageal Reflux

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Dr. Shk. Albana Duni

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is the most common disease of the esophagus and has to do with the return of stomach secretions to the esophagus. This return occurs as a consequence of the loss of tone of the lower gastroesophageal sphincter, which is located precisely at the junction of the esophagus with the stomach. This sphincter plays the role o...  read full article

Premature birth

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Dr. Ilda Ndreko

Preterm birth (PTB) is defined as the presence of uterine contractions with intensity and frequency that have a progressive effect on the dilation and shortening of the cervix before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Preterm birth is defined as the presence of 6-8 uterine contractions per hour or 4 uterine contractions every 20 minutes...  read full article

Hemorrhoids (piles) - Diagnosis and treatment

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Dr. Viktor QERESHNIKU

Hemorrhoids are expansions of the blood vessels that occur in the anal canal. This canal is supplied with arterial and venous blood. The arterial system consists of two superior rectal arteries, which participate in the blood supply of the upper part of the anal canal up to the anal valves...  read full article

Hydatid disease of the liver

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Dr. Arjeta Bebeci

The disease is caused by Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus alveolaris. Echinococcus granulosus is found mainly in countries where sheep pasturing is present, areas engaged in animal husbandry, and where the internal organs of animals are allowed to be used. These areas include Southern Europe, the Middle East, Australi...  read full article

Infections in prepuberty

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Dr. Ilda Ndreko

Infections in prepuberty are not rare, therefore doctors who deal with the examination of children should be familiar with these clinical conditions. Doctors need to have the correct information regarding the wide range of variation in the appearance of the genital organs. Physiological changes occur from maternal estrogens that lead t...  read full article

Ozone therapy

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Dr. Ilir Agastra

Ozone is a molecule with three Oxygen atoms. Its name comes from Greek where the word "ozein" means "to smell, has aroma". Ozone was discovered by a German chemist (Ch.F. Schonbein) in 1848. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas with a characteristic smell (similar to the one felt afte...  read full article

Bleeding in prepuberty

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Dr. Ilda Ndreko

Menarche (the first cycle) occurs when the breast has developed to Tanner stage III or IV. Normally, menarche occurs at the age of 11-14 years. A normal cycle lasts up to 7 days or less, with a volume up to 80ml or less, and a frequency of 21-45 days. The menstrual cycle occurs when there is a coordinated function of the axis...  read full article

Hypothyroidism - Decrease in Thyroid Function

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Dr. Shk. DASHAMIR GJERGJI

The thyroid gland is a small gland weighing 15 grams located in the front part of the neck and produces two hormones T3 (Triiodothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine). The role of thyroid hormones is to recognize and act on their receptors in cells in order to regulate the metabolism of every cell...  read full article

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